ASTM B444 (Tam sim no tsab B444-22)yog tus qauv specification rau seamless yeeb nkab thiab raj ntawm nickel-chromium-molybdenum-columbium alloy, kev lag luam hu ua Alloy 625 los yog Inconel 625, xaiv UNS N06625. ASME tus khub yog SB-444, tau txais yuav rau hauv Boiler thiab Pressure Vessel Code Tshooj II Tshooj B. Yog tias koj qhov project poob rau hauv ASME siab lub nkoj lossis kav kav dej, koj qhia SB-444; rau kev pabcuam corrosion dav dav thiab tsis-code daim ntawv thov, B444 txaus.
Ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cov neeg yuav khoom tsis tshua nco:
Ua ntej, B444 npog tsuas yog seamless khoom.Welded Alloy 625 yeeb nkabntog nyob rau hauv ASTM B705 (longitudinal weld, feem ntau loj diameters), thiab welded raj nyob rau hauv ASTM B704 (heat exchanger thiab condenser tubing). Cov no tsis hloov pauv tau.
Thib ob, B444 npog ob lub npe UNS: N06625 (Alloy 625, qib koj yuav luag yuav khoom) thiab N06219 (Alloy 219, chromium- hlau-nickel hloov kho uas tsis tshua muaj tsim thiab yuav luag tsis muaj Tshuag).
Cov Khoom Muag Khoom
Bar & Rod
Phaj & Ntawv
Coil & Sawb
Tube & Tube
Haum: Flange, Tee, Luj Tshib, Reducer thiab lwm yam.
Forging: Nplhaib, Ncej, Vajvoog, Thaiv thiab lwm yam.
Chav Kawm 1 vs Qib 2: Qhov txawv txav uas cuam tshuam cov neeg yuav khoom tawm -Tus Saib Xyuas
ASTM B444 txhais ob qib khoom raws li kev kho cua sov. Cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw - qee cov qauv thiab cov chaw muag khoom hais tias "Class 1" thiab "Class 2," lwm tus hais tias "Qib 1" thiab "Qib 2." Lawv txhais tau tib yam. Tus neeg siv qhov kev siv rau "CL1" sib raug rau Qib 1 / Chav Kawm 1, qhov mob annealed.
Nov yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas feem ntau cov rooj sib piv tau yuam kev lossis faus:Qib 1 (annealed) muaj zog dua Qib 2 (kev daws teeb meem-annealed) ntawm chav tsev kub.Qhov no yog counterintuitive - cov engineers feem ntau xav tias "kev daws teeb meem-annealed" txhais tau tias "kev kho cua sov zoo dua" thiab yog li "muaj zog dua." Nws tsis yog, thiab yog vim li cas yog metallurgical.
Qib 1 yeeb nkab yog annealed ntawm 871℃(1600℃F) yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias no, cov hlau nplaum khaws cov qauv zoo dua qub thiab qhov ntom ntom dua ntawm niobium thiab molybdenum atoms hauv cov tshuaj tov khoom, uas ua rau chav tsev - qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm cov khoom sib zog- kev daws teeb meem. Qhov tshwm sim: lub zog tensile yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 827 MPa (120 ksi) thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub zog ntawm 414 MPa (60 ksi).
Qib 2 yeeb nkab yog kev daws teeb meem -annealed ntawm 1093℃(2000℃F) yam tsawg kawg nkaus, feem ntau ua raws li kev ruaj ntseg anneal ntawm 982℃(1800℃F). Qhov kub siab dua ua rau cov qauv nplej coarser uas ua lag luam chav- qhov kub thiab txias rau kev txhim kho kev nkag siab thiab kev ntxhov siab- cov khoom tawg ntawm qhov kub siab. Qhov tshwm sim: qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tensile poob rau 690 MPa (100 ksi) thiab tawm los rau 276 MPa (40 ksi) - kwv yees li 33% qis dua Qib 1.
| Khoom | Qib 1 / Chav Kawm 1 (Annealed) | Qib 2 (Kev daws teeb meem-Annealed) |
|---|---|---|
| Kev kho cua sov | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 871℃(1600℃F) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1093℃(2000℃F) + stabilization |
| Tensile zog (min) | 827 MPa (120 ksi) | 690 MPa (100 ksi) |
| Yield zog 0.2% (min) | 414 MPa (60 ksi) | 276 MPa (40 ksi) |
| Elongation (min) | 30% | 30% |
| Hardness (ntev) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 35 HRC | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 35 HRC |
| Kev pab kub ntau yam | Cryogenic rau 593 degree | Tshaj 593 degree |
| Thawj daim ntawv thov | General corrosion, qaub kev pab cuam, siab piping | Creep-cov kev pabcuam tsis pub dhau, kev ntxhov siab- cov ntawv thov tawg |
| Default supply condition | Yog - tshwj tsis yog hais tias muaj lwm yam | Tsuas yog thaum hais meej meej |
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg: UNS N06625
Lub qhov rais composition rauB444 N06625yog nruj thiab lub hom phiaj. Txhua lub ntsiab lus plays lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm alloy:
| Element | Cov ntsiab lus (wt%) | Muaj nuj nqi |
|---|---|---|
| Nickel | 58.0 min (sib npaug) | Austenitic matrix; Lub hauv paus ntawm corrosion thiab SCC kuj |
| Chromium | 20.0–23.0 | Passive Cr₂O₃ zaj duab xis; oxidation thiab pitting kuj |
| Molybdenum | 8.0–10.0 | Txo -acid resistance; corrosion kuj; solid-solution hardening |
| Niobium + Tantalum | 3.15–4.15 | Khoom- daws teeb meem; stabilizes tiv thaiv rhiab heev |
| Hlau | 5.0 max | Impurity qab nthab - khaws cia tus cwj pwm corrosion |
| Cov pa roj carbon | 0.10 max | Tsawg carbon khaws Nb hauv kev daws es tsis tsim cov carbide |
| Cobalt | 1.0 max | Cov seem - tswj tau rau kev siv nuclear |
| Manganese | 0.50 max | Deoxidizer |
| Silicon | 0.50 max | Residual - tswj rau weldability |
| Phosphorus | 0.015 max | Kub- tswj kev ua haujlwm |
| Sulfur | 0.015 max | Kub- tswj kev ua haujlwm |
| Aluminium | 0.40 max | Tsawg deoxidizer |
| Titanium | 0.40 max | Muaj zog me ntsis |
Vuam thiab Fabrication Considerations
Alloy 625 yog ib qho ntawm cov nickel alloys feem ntau weldable - uas yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj nws dominates subsea thiab offshore daim ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau welding. Tab sis "weldable" tsis txhais hais tias "foolproof." Ob peb qhov teeb meem kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb rau 625 yeeb nkab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov project nqi thiab lub sijhawm.
Filler hlau xaiv:Rau kev sib piv -lub zog welds hauv cov khoom 625 yeeb nkab, siv ERNiCrMo-3 (AWS A5.14), uas yog Alloy 625 muab tub lim. Rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov welds ntawm 625 thiab cov pa roj carbon steel (feem ntau nyob rau hauv clad yeeb nkab hloov cov pob qij txha thiab weld overlays), ERNiCrMo-3 kuj yog tus qauv xaiv - nws yog kev lag luam-tus qauv muab tub lim rau overlaying carbon steel nrog 625 corrosion barrier. Rau 625 rau stainless hlau (316L, duplex), ERNiCrMo-3 dua. Qhov tseeb, ERNiCrMo-3 yog ntau yam uas nws feem ntau hu ua "universal" nickel alloy muab tub lim - tab sis ib txwm lees paub nrog koj tus kws ua haujlwm vuam tias nws tsim nyog rau koj qhov kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev pabcuam.
Tshaj tawm -weld kev kho cua sov:Alloy 625 feem ntau tsis tas yuav PWHT rau kev pabcuam corrosion nyob rau hauv cov mob annealed. Lub niobium stabilization tiv thaiv rhiab heev, thiab HAZ khaws cov corrosion txaus nyob rau hauv raws li -welded mob. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb (tshwj xeeb yog Aramco thiab qee tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv North Hiav Txwv) xav kom muaj kev ntxhov siab - nyem PWHT rau cov kav dej qaub - txheeb xyuas qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv koj qhov project specification. Rau clad yeeb nkab welds, PWHT cov kev cai feem ntau yog tsav los ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel sab nrauv, tsis yog 625 liner.
Vuam txoj hauj lwm thiab txheej txheem:Rau cov yeeb nkab vuam, GTAW (TIG) nrog ERNiCrMo-3 liab qab hlau yog txheej txheem txheej txheem rau hauv paus hla thiab me me - txoj kab uas hla yeeb nkab. Rau kev sau hla ntawm cov kab loj dua, SMAW nrog ENiCrMo-3 cov electrodes los yog GMAW nrog ERNiCrMo-3 xaim tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim khoom. Xyuas kom cov txheej txheem vuam specification (WPS) yog tsim nyog rau cov cai siv (ASME Tshooj IX rau siab piping, DNV-ST-F101 rau subsea pipelines).
Kub cracking txaus ntshai:Nickel alloys raug cuam tshuam rau vuam hlau kub tawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha txwv thiab siab - cua sov- cov khoom tso tawm. Tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (feem ntau yog 0.8-1.5 kJ / mm rau GTAW), tswj qhov kub ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 150 degree, thiab tsis txhob weaving lub arc ntau dhau. Stringer hlaws cov txheej txheem yog nyiam. Yog tias koj tus neeg tsim khoom muaj kev txwv nickel alloy kev paub, hais kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem vuam uas suav nrog kev tsim khoom-tus sawv cev sib koom ua ke.
Machining thiab forming:Alloy 625 ua haujlwm- hardens sai - sai dua 316L thiab sai dua li carbon steel. Txias dabtsi yog khoov ntawm 625 yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau muaj zog ntau dua thiab ntau zaus intermediate anneals. Machining yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej ntse carbide, txo qhov nrawm nrawm (kwv yees li 40-60% ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel nrawm), thiab cov dej txias txaus. Cov khw muag khoom tsis paub nrog cov nickel alloys yuav underestimate tsim thiab machining lub sij hawm, uas cuam tshuam rau fabrication nqi kwv yees.
Common Procurement Mistakes nrog Alloy 625 Seamless Pipe
Qhov yuam kev 1: Qhia meej "Inconel 625" yam tsis muaj tus lej UNS."Inconel" yog ib qho tshwj xeeb Metals Corporation cov cim lag luam, tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb thoob ntiaj teb. Mills tsim N06625 nyob rau hauv ntau lub npe lag luam (Inconel 625, Nickelvac 625, Nicrofer 6020, VDM Alloy 625). Yog tias koj PO hais tias "Inconel 625" thiab cov khoom xa khoom xa khoom sib npaug N06625 cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom tsis yog- Cov Khoom Siv Khoom Tshwj Xeeb, koj tuaj yeem muaj qhov teeb meem kev ua raws cai txawm hais tias cov khoom siv yog metallurgically zoo tib yam. Nco ntsoov qhia "UNS N06625" ntawm kev yuav khoom.
Qhov yuam kev 2: Tsis meej pem Qib 1 thiab Qib 2.Raws li tau hais los saum no, Qib 1 (annealed) muaj zog dua ntawm chav tsev kub. Qib 2 (kev daws teeb meem-annealed) yog rau siab -kub creep kev pabcuam. Qhia qib kom meej. Yog tias koj tsis hais dab tsi, koj yuav tau Qib 1 - uas yog rau feem ntau daim ntawv thov tab sis yuav tsum tau hais meej meej kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis meej.
yuam kev 3: Txais welded yeeb nkab thaum seamless tau teev.B444 npog seamless nkaus xwb. B705 npog welded. Yog tias koj qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb xav tau B444 (tsis muaj seamless), tsis txhob txais B705 (welded) hloov pauv yam tsis muaj kev tshuaj xyuas engineering thiab cov neeg siv khoom pom zoo. Qhov kev sim hloov pauv no tshwm sim ntau dua li qhov koj xav tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau nruj- cov phiaj xwm teem caij uas cov kav dej tsis sib haum yuav ntev dua li tus neeg yuav khoom xav tau.
Qhov yuam kev 4: Tsis lees paub NACE ua raws li MTC.Yog tias cov yeeb nkab yog rau kev pabcuam qaub, MTC yuav tsum hais txog NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 kev ua raws thiab suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem tawv tawv (ntau tshaj 35 HRC). Ib qho MTC uas qhia txog chemistry thiab mechanical zog tab sis tsis siv NACE tsis ua raws li - txawm tias cov khoom yuav dhau NACE xeem. Daim ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum qhia meej meej lub xeev ua raws.
yuam kev 5: Defaulting rau khoom 625 yeeb nkab rau loj diameters.Rau 8-nti NPS thiab saum toj no, clad yeeb nkab nrog 625 txheej sab hauv yog yuav luag txhua qhov kev xaiv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Kev qhia txog cov khoom 625 yeeb nkab ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg yam tsis tau soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem clad tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqi khoom nce los ntawm 200-400%.
Qhov yuam kev 6: Kev kwv yees lub sijhawm ua ntej. Alloy 625 seamless yeeb nkabtsis yog ib yam khoom catalog. Qhov loj me los ntawm cov mills tsim nyog siv sijhawm 8-14 lub lis piam; tsis yog- qhov loj me yuav siv li 16-24 lub lis piam. Yog tias koj pom 625 yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau lig nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov kev xaiv ceev ceev yog qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj - tsuas muaj ib tug puv tes ntawm mills thoob ntiaj teb uas tsim B444 seamless yeeb nkab, thiab lawv khiav ntawm cov sij hawm dov uas tsis tuaj yeem yooj yim compressed.
ASTM B444 Kev Ntsuas thiab Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Cai
B444 tswj xyuas cov kev ntsuas zoo uas yuav tsum tshwm sim hauv MTC thiab raug txheeb xyuas thaum kuaj:
| Kuaj | Kev xav tau | Lub hom phiaj |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile xeem | Ib qho cua sov lossis cua sov- kho ntau | Txheeb xyuas UTS, YS, elongation raws li qib qis |
| Kev kuaj Hardness | Txhua lub raj / raj | Paub meej tias tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 35 HRC; tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws NACE |
| Hydrostatic xeem | Txhua daim (los yog eddy tam sim no raws li lwm txoj) | Txheeb xyuas qhov siab ncaj ncees |
| Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas | Ib lub lauj kaub rau cua sov | Paub meej tias muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv N06625 txwv |
| Flare test (tube) | Me - txoj kab uas hla tubing rau B444 | Ductility pov thawj rau kev ua haujlwm |
| Flattening Test (tube) | Raws li B444 xav tau | Ductility thiab soundness pov thawj |
| Tsis yog -kev kuaj xyuas kev puas tsuaj | Ultrasonic (ASTM E213) lossis eddy tam sim no (ASTM E426 / E571) | Tshawb xyuas cov teeb meem sab hauv thiab qhov chaw |
Rau kev pabcuam qaub thiab cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb, ntxiv:
ASTM G28 Method Ib qho kev ntsuas kev sib xyaw ua ke (yog tias tus neeg siv tau teev tseg)
PMI (Positive Material Identification) ntawm txhua daim - lees paub cov khoom yog N06625, tsis yog mislabeled stainless lossis qis dua -qib nickel alloy
Thib peb-tog pov thawj los ntawm SGS, Bureau Veritas, lossis Intertak (EN 10204 3.2 ntawv pov thawj)
Kev Txiav Txim Siab: Thaum Yuav Qhia Txog Alloy 625 Seamless Pipe (B444, Qib 1)
Siv Alloy 625 seamless yeeb nkab thaum:
Qhov chaw pabcuam muaj H₂S (kev pabcuam qaub) ntawm qhov siab lossis qhov kub thiab txias tshaj qhov txwv ntawm qib duplex thiab super duplex. NACE MR0175 kev ua raws cai yog tus thawj tsav tsheb.
Cov kev pabcuam cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj chlorides ntawm qhov kub siab qhov twg pitting thiab crevice corrosion tshem tawm 316L thiab 316LN los ntawm kev xav, thiab tus nqi them nqi ntawm C-276 tsis raug cai.
Daim ntawv thov yuav tsum muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog siab (414 MPa yield yam tsawg kawg nkaus) thiab corrosion kuj uas tsis muaj qib stainless tuaj yeem xa tuaj ib txhij.
Cov yeeb nkab txoj kab uas hla yog me me (feem ntau Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 6 "NPS) uas cov khoom 625 yeeb nkab yog kev lag luam zoo yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv.
Daim ntawv thov koom nrog subsea jumpers, spools, los yog instrumentation tubing qhov twg seamless tsim yuav tsum tau rau siab ncaj ncees thiab weld ntseeg.
Xav txog lwm txoj hauv kev thaum:
Cov kev pabcuam feem ntau yog chloride pitting yam tsis muaj H₂S - super duplex 2507 (PREN ~ 42) tuaj yeem txaus ntawm tus nqi qis dua.
Kev pabcuam siab -kub oxidation lossis carburization yam tsis muaj chlorides - Incoloy 800H/HT lossis 310S tej zaum yuav tsim nyog dua.
Cov yeeb nkab txoj kab uas hla yog loj (Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 8 "NPS) thiab daim ntawv thov tso cai clad yeeb nkab - cov nqi txuag ntawm clad tshaj khoom 625 tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam.
Cov kev pabcuam cuam tshuam nrog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog (ntshav HCl, H₂SO₄) - Hastelloy C-276 lossis C-22 tej zaum yuav xav tau txawm tias tus nqi siab dua.
Cov lus nug nquag
Qhov txawv ntawm Alloy 625 Qib 1 thiab Qib 2 hauv ASTM B444 yog dab tsi?
Qib 1 yog annealed ntawm Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 871℃thiab muaj chav siab dua -kub lub zog (827 MPa UTS, 414 MPa tawm los tsawg kawg). Qib 2 yog kev daws teeb meem-annealed ntawm Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1093℃rau kev txhim kho nkag siab zoo dua 593℃, tab sis nrog chav qis dua - qhov kub thiab txias zog (690 MPa UTS, 276 MPa yield yam tsawg kawg nkaus). Qib 1 yog qhov khoom siv tsis raug thiab raug rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov suav nrog cov kev pabcuam qaub thiab cov kav dej hauv qab hiav txwv.
YogAlloy 625 seamless yeeb nkabNACE MR0175 ua raws?
Yog lawm. Alloy 625 (UNS N06625) nyob rau hauv lub annealed mob yog teev nyob rau hauv NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 Part 3 rau qaub kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kub thiab H₂S ib nrab siab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem txoj kev, muab hardness tsis tshaj 35 HRC. MTC yuav tsum qhia meej txog kev ua raws NACE MR0175.
Alloy 625 seamless yeeb nkab nqi npaum li cas?
Kev taw qhia tus nqi rau B444 N06625 Qib 1 seamless yeeb nkab yog kwv yees li 30-30-65 ib kilogram nyob ntawm qhov loj, phab ntsa thickness, keeb kwm, thiab qib ntawv pov thawj. Qhov no yog kwv yees li 8-15 npaug ntawm tus nqi sib npaug 316L seamless yeeb nkab. Rau cov ntawv loj - txoj kab uas hla, clad yeeb nkab (625 txheej sab hauv ntawm carbon steel) tuaj yeem txo cov nqi khoom los ntawm 60-75% piv rau cov khoom 625 yeeb nkab.
Qhov txawv ntawm B444 thiab B705 rau Alloy 625 yeeb nkab yog dab tsi?
ASTM B444 npog seamless Alloy 625 yeeb nkab thiab raj. ASTM B705 npog welded Alloy 625 yeeb nkab (longitudinal weld). Cov chemistry zoo ib yam, tab sis cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, kev ruaj ntseg zoo, thiab lub hauv paus siab sib txawv. B444 (seamless) yog teev rau siab dua - siab thiab kev pabcuam tseem ceeb dua; B705 (welded) yog siv rau txoj kab uas hla loj dua qhov twg seamless ntau lawm yog impractical los yog nqi{10}} txwv tsis pub.
Alloy 625 yeeb nkab puas tuaj yeem welded yam tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm -weld kev kho cua sov?
Hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev pabcuam corrosion, yog. Alloy 625's niobium stabilization tiv thaiv rhiab heev, thiab HAZ khaws cov corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv raws li -welded mob. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev pabcuam qaub hauv Middle East thiab North Hiav Txwv) xav tau kev ntxhov siab -relief PWHT - ib txwm kuaj xyuas qhov project specification. Rau clad yeeb nkab welds, PWHT qhov yuav tsum tau yog feem ntau tsav los ntawm cov pa roj carbon hlau sab nraud.
Dab tsi muab hlau siv rau vuam Alloy 625 yeeb nkab?
ERNiCrMo-3 (AWS A5.14), which is Alloy 625 filler wire, is the standard matching filler for 625-to-625 welds. Nws tseem yog qhov kev lag luam-tus qauv muab tub lim rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov welds ntawm 625 thiab carbon steel, stainless hlau, thiab rau kev siv weld overlay. Covered electrode equivalent: ENiCrMo-3 (AWS A5.11).
Qhov kev pab kub siab tshaj plaws rau Alloy 625 yeeb nkab yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem annealed (Qib 1), Alloy 625 feem ntau yog siv mus txog 593℃rau kev pabcuam corrosion. Rau kev pabcuam siab dua 593℃qhov twg nkag thiab kev ntxhov siab- kev tswj hwm kev tawg, Qib 2 (kev daws teeb meem-annealed) tau teev tseg. Alloy 625 resists oxidation nyob rau hauv huab cua txog li 980 degree, tab sis txhua yam khoom degradation txwv kev siv cov qauv saum toj no 650-700℃nyob ntawm theem kev ntxhov siab.
