Puas yog npib tsib xee alloy toxic?
Nickel alloys tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam vim lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv corrosion, siab kub lub zog, thiab cov cuab yeej zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txhawj xeeb tau hais txog qhov muaj peev xwm toxicity ntawm nickel alloys thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm nickel alloy toxicity thiab tso lub teeb ntawm kev nkag siab txog kev tshawb fawb tam sim no ntawm nws cov kev pheej hmoo thiab kev ceev faj.
Nkag siab txog Nickel Alloys
Nickel alloys yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm nickel thiab lwm yam khoom, xws li chromium, hlau, tooj liab, thiab molybdenum, thiab lwm yam. Cov alloys muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab pom cov ntawv thov hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog aerospace, kev ua tshuaj lom neeg, hluav taws xob, thiab marine engineering.
Common nickel alloys:
Tom ntej: Inconel Alloy Series
- Inconel 600 (UNS N06600) Lub cev muaj zog: Muaj 72% nickel, 14% chromium, thiab 6% hlau.
- Inconel 625 (UNS N06625): Muaj 58% nickel, 20% chromium, thiab 5% hlau.
- Inconel 718 (UNS N07718): Muaj 52.5% npib tsib xee, 19% chromium, 18.5% hlau, 3% titanium, thiab 5% txhuas.
- Inconel X-750 (UNS N07750): Muaj 70% npib tsib xee, 14% chromium, 6.7% hlau, thiab 2.3% titanium.
Hastelloy alloy series:
- Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276): Muaj 57% nickel, 16% chromium, thiab 16% molybdenum.
- Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022): Muaj 56% nickel, 22% chromium, thiab 13% molybdenum.
Monel alloy series:
- Monel 400 (UNS N04400): Muaj 63% nickel thiab 30% tooj liab.
- Monel K{{0}} (UNS N05500): Muaj 63% nickel, 29% tooj liab, 2.7% aluminium, thiab 0.7% titanium.
- Nickel 200 (UNS N02200): Muaj 99.6% npib tsib xee thiab yog npib tsib xee dawb huv.
- Nickel 201 (UNS N02201): Muaj 99.99% npib tsib xee, nws yog npib tsib xee purer alloy.
Muaj peev xwm toxicity ntawm Nickel Alloys
Lub toxicity ntawm npib tsib xee alloys feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso tawm cov nickel ions. Thaum npib tsib xee nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog qee qhov chaw, xws li acidic lossis corrosive kev daws teeb meem, nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov txheej txheem hu ua corrosion, qhov twg cov nickel ions raug leached. Cov nickel ions tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob lom thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
Nickel Allergy
Ib qho kev pheej hmoo zoo uas cuam tshuam nrog nickel raug yog kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj. Nickel allergy yog ib qho tshwm sim tshwm sim, cuam tshuam txog kwv yees li 10-15% ntawm cov pej xeem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov poj niam. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim raws li dermatitis lossis pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum cov khoom uas muaj npib tsib xee, xws li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub lossis cov khaub ncaws fasteners, tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij.
Cov teebmeem ua pa
Hauv qee qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nqus tau cov hmoov av npib tsib xee lossis fumes tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua cov nickel alloys yuav tshwm sim. Kev raug mob ntev ntev ntawm cov nickel cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa xws li mob hawb pob, mob ntsws, thiab mob hnyav, mob ntsws cancer.
Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam nickel refining thiab stainless hlau ntau lawm tau tshaj tawm tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua pa ntau ntxiv vim raug nickel-muaj plua plav lossis pa taws ntev ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov kev cuam tshuam no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov chaw lag luam uas muaj cov nickel raug ntau dua li cov uas tau ntsib hauv lub neej niaj hnub.
Carcinogenesis
Lub peev xwm carcinogenicity ntawm npib tsib xee thiab npib tsib xee alloys tau ntxim nyiam heev. Qee cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia txog qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov ntev mus ntev rau qee cov nickel tebchaw thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntsws, qhov ntswg, thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Mob (IARC) tam sim no faib cov hlau npib tsib xee thiab npib tsib xee alloys raws li Pawg 1 cov neeg ua haujlwm, txhais tau tias lawv yog cov carcinogenic rau tib neeg thaum nqus tau los ntawm cov plua plav lossis pa taws.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub peev xwm carcinogenic ntawm nickel alloys feem ntau nyob ntawm daim ntawv thiab qhov siab ntawm cov nickel tso tawm, nrog rau txoj hauv kev thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev raug. Hauv kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, qhov twg cov qib raug muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb dua, kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yog qhov tsim nyog los txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv.
Kev cai thiab ceev faj
Muab qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam nrog cov nickel alloys, qee cov kev cai thiab kev ceev faj tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov pej xeem. Cov kev ntsuas no suav nrog kev teeb tsa kev tso cai raug txwv (PELs) rau cov hmoov av npib tsib xee thiab cov pa taws, txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm huv huv, thiab ua kom muaj kev siv cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej (PPE) thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv nickel.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev cai tshwj xeeb tau tsim muaj rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam uas nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha thiab ntev ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Hauv European Union, piv txwv li, nickel tso tawm los ntawm qee yam khoom siv nyiaj txiag yog tswj hwm nruj kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj.
Xaus
Thaumnpib tsib xee alloysmuab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab tshuaj lom neeg, qhov muaj peev xwm toxicity ntawm cov alloys tsis tuaj yeem raug saib xyuas. Cov teebmeem tsis zoo xws li kev ua xua npib tsib xee, teeb meem ua pa, thiab muaj peev xwm txuas rau qee yam qog nqaij hlav tau raug tshaj tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov pej xeem feem ntau raug cuam tshuam rau qib qis ntawm npib tsib xee piv rau cov uas tau ntsib hauv qee qhov chaw lag luam.
Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kev cai tsim nyog, kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, thiab siv cov kev coj ua zoo, cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog cov nickel alloys tuaj yeem txo qis. Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab saib xyuas cov qib nickel raug cuam tshuam ntxiv yuav ua rau peb nkag siab txog nws cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev pab hauv kev tsim cov phiaj xwm kev nyab xeeb.
