A cev spoolyog ib qho prefabricated seem ntawm piping, ua tiav nrog flanges, fittings, li qub los yog weld xaus, txiav thiab welded nyob rau hauv ib lub khw mus rau qhov ntev ntawm ib tug isometric drawing, thiab xa mus rau qhov chaw npaj bolted rau hauv qhov chaw.
Yog vim li cas cov neeg yuav khoom them rau spool fabrication es tsis txhob txiav cov yeeb nkab hauv lub tshav pob yog qhov yooj yim: khw fabrication txav cov kev txawj ua haujlwm, vuam, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev ntsuas hydrostatic tawm ntawm lub sijhawm tsim kho thiab mus rau hauv ib puag ncig tswj, thiab nws compresses lub lis piam ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv ib lub lifting.
Tab sis tag nrho cov nqi ntawm ib tug spool raug rhuav tshem yog tias qhov loj me tsis raug. Ib tug spool uas yog 4 hli ntev heev tsis haum ntawm ob flanges; ib lub flange tig ib lub qhov ntsia hlau tawm ntawm txoj hauj lwm yuav siv sij hawm los kho ntawm kab nyob.
Nplooj ntawv no suav nrog kev ua siab ntev uas tswj hwm cov yeeb nkab spool fabrication, vuam kev coj ua tom qab nws, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm RFQ kom cov spools tuaj txog ntawm qhov project site thiab poob rau hauv qhov chaw.
Vim li cas lub khw fabrication ntaus teb fabrication ntawm tus nqi thiab zoo
Cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag rau cov yeeb nkab spools yog ua los ntawm peb tus lej: weld productivity, inspection access, and time compression. Ib tug welder nyob rau hauv ib lub khw nrog ib tug positioner thiab lub hwj chim qhov chaw nyob rau txoj hauj lwm ua tiav ib lub pob tw weld nyob rau hauv kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm tib weld ntawm qhov siab ntawm ib tug scaffold. Txhua qhov vuam hauv lub khw tuaj yeem raug kuaj xyuas, kuaj hydrostatically, thiab kho raws li kev tswj xyuas ua ntej nws xa khoom.
Thiab vim hais tias spools yog ua nyob rau hauv parallel thaum pej xeem ua hauj lwm mus rau ntawm qhov chaw, txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm qhov project shortens los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub fabrication voj voog. Tus neeg yuav khoom them tus nqi khw muag khoom rau lub spool nws tus kheej, thiab qhov project them rov qab ob peb zaug hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm txo qis, txo qis scaffold thiab crane teev, thiab huab cua qeeb qeeb.
Qhov zoo yog qhov laj thawj thib ob. Nyob rau hauv ib lub khw lub welder ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug positioner, qhov sib koom ua ke haum-up yog kuaj nrog cov yeeb nkab raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug fixture, lub weld yog ua nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj plaws txoj hauj lwm, thiab cov tiav weld yog soj ntsuam nrog cov yeeb nkab ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum es tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib kem. Tus nqi tsis kam lees ntawm lub khw welds tsis tu ncua qis dua ntawm thaj chaw welds, thiab lub khw muag khoom tsis lees paub yog kho thaum lub spool tseem nyob hauv khw, tsis yog tom qab nws tau tsim.
Lub qhov ntev ntawm qhov kam rau ua: cov lej uas txiav txim siab haum -nce
Dimensional tswj ntawm ib tug spool pib nrog daim duab isometric. Txhua tus spool muaj tus lej spool, thiab txhua qhov loj me ntawm daim duab yog ib txoj kab siab ntev. Cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no yog kev lag luam- cov qauv siv rau kev tsim cov spool fabrication, ua raws li PFI ES-3 thiab cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov project:
| Dimension | Hom kam rau ua | Nws tswj hwm dab tsi |
| Lub ntsej muag - mus rau - lub ntsej muag ntev (flange rau flange) | ± 3 hli (± 1/8 nyob rau hauv) | Zuag qhia tag nrho spool hnab ntawv; qhov feem ntau loaded dimension ntawm daim duab |
| Center-rau-center thiab nruab nrab-rau- lub ntsej muag ntev | ± 3 hli | Khiav ntev ntawm ceg chaw nruab nrab thiab kawg flanges |
| Qhov chaw ntawm ceg kev sib txuas | ± 3 hli | Ceg coj- tawm txoj haujlwm raws li kev khiav |
| Flange ntsia liaj qhov rooj - qhov tig | ± 1.5 hli ntawm lub voj voog bolt | Seb cov flange bolts kab nrog cov mating flange ntawm qhov chaw |
| Flange squareness (zeeg) | 1 hli rau 200 hli ntawm flange txoj kab uas hla | Flange ntsej muag perpendicularity rau cov yeeb nkab axis |
| Misalignment ntawm circumferential welds, NPS 24 thiab me dua | 1.6mm max sab hauv / sab nraud | Weld root alignment ntawm yeeb nkab, haum, los yog flange kawg |
| Misalignment ntawm circumferential welds, NPS 26 thiab loj dua | 3.2 hli max | Heavy-phab ntsa loj- tho pob qij txha |
Ob ntawm cov kab no ua rau feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw teeb meem. Lub flange ntsia liaj qhov rooj - qhov kev sib hloov kam rau ua yog tus neeg yuav khoom tsis nco qab hais tias: lub flange welded 5 mm tawm ntawm nws lub moos txoj hauj lwm txhais tau hais tias cov studs tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm mating flange, thiab kev kho ntawm qhov chaw yog re-drilled qhov lossis hloov flange.
Lub flange squareness kab teeb meem nyob qhov twg cov spool bolts rau lub twj tso kua mis, lub valve, los yog lub nkoj nozzle, vim hais tias ib tug tilted flange lub ntsej muag qhia bending kev nyuaj siab rau hauv cov khoom nozzle thaum sib koom tes yog rub. Hais txog ob tus lej ntawm RFQ, tsis yog tawm ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom los siv lawv tus kheej, yog qhov kev pov hwm pheej yig tshaj plaws hauv kev yuav khoom tag nrho.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov kev zam no tsis suav nrog. Ib tug spool uas yog +2 hli ntawm thawj weld thiab +2 hli ntawm qhov thib ob yog tseem nyob rau hauv lub ± 3 hli lub hnab ntawv nkaus xwb yog hais tias tus fabricator tswj txhua qhov ntev ntawm lub datum point ntawm daim duab, tsis yog chaining tolerances raws tus spool. Cov duab kos thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum hais txog qhov kawg ntawm qhov uas txhua qhov ntev yog ntsuas.
Vuam, shrinkage, thiab txiav -length them
Spool fabrication yog vuam ua hauj lwm, thiab vuam shrinks hlau. Ib qho - hla lub pob tw weld ntawm nyias- cov yeeb nkab phab ntsa tsis tuaj yeem kaw qhov sib koom ua ke los ntawm 1-2 hli; ib tug ntau-dhau weld ntawm hnyav-phab ntsa carbon steel yuav shrinkage 3-4 mm raws li axis. Ib tug fabricator uas txiav txhua cov yeeb nkab mus rau daim duab dimension thiab ces welds yuav tsim ib tug spool uas luv luv los ntawm cov sum ntawm cov weld shrinkages.
Cov khw muag khoom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov ntsuas shrinkage pub rau txhua qhov txiav ntev, thiab los ntawm kev ua kom haum- nce qhov ntev, tsis yog qhov txiav qhov ntev, qhov ntsuas qhov ntev. Qhov kos duab qhov ntev siv rau qhov ua tiav ntawm lub ntsej muag flange, thiab lub khw tswj nws nrog kev ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm qhov haum- nce qib thiab dua tom qab vuam.
Vuam txheej txheem ntawm spools ua raws li cov khoom siv thiab cov cai. Carbon steel spools yog welded nrog GTAW hauv paus thiab SMAW sau rau hauv daim teb -zoo ntau yam, los yog FCAW qhov project tso cai. Stainless thiab npib tsib xee- alloy spools yog GTAW thoob plaws, nrog cov muab tub lim sib txuam thiab tswj qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj preheat rau qib austenitic.
Tag nrho cov welds yog tsim los ntawm welds tsim nyog rau ASME Tshooj IX, thiab cov txheej txheem vuam specifications (WPS) yog tsim nyog los ntawm tib txoj kev. Rau cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb cov welds yog 100% radiographed; rau cov txheej txheem txheej txheem kev pab cuam qhov project feem ntau qhia txog feem pua ntawm RT nrog PT ntawm lub hauv paus thiab lub hau hla.
Tom qab vuam, txhua qhov spool raug tshuaj xyuas qhov muag, ntsuas qhov ntev, thiab tom qab ntawd nias- kuaj. Qhov ntsuas hydrostatic siab feem ntau yog 1.5 npaug ntawm qhov tsim siab rau cov kav dej hauv chav kawm, siv rau qhov project specification, thiab cov spool tau tuav ntawm qhov ntsuas siab ntev txaus los xyuas cov pob qij txha.
Qhov twg tsis tuaj yeem kuaj dej tsis tau, kev sim pneumatic ntawm qhov txo qis yog siv nrog kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb. Cov spool kuaj tau raug ntxuav, qhov kawg tiv thaiv, thiab lub ntsej muag flange npog ua ntej xa khoom.
Xaus kev npaj thiab flange sib dhos
Qhov kawg ntawm ib tug spool yog flanged, beveled rau thaj chaw vuam, los yog tiaj, thiab txhua yam kawg muaj nws tus kheej tswj cov ntsiab lus. Flanged kawg xav kom lub flange yuav tsum square rau cov yeeb nkab axis nyob rau hauv 1 hli ib 200 hli txoj cai, lub bolt qhov tig mus rau lub moos txoj hauj lwm ntawm daim duab kos, thiab flange lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv los ntawm weld spatter thiab mechanical puas.
Beveled xaus yuav tsum tau lub kaum sab xis, lub hauv paus lub ntsej muag, thiab lub kaum sab xis kom phim cov kev sib koom ua ke tsim, thiab lub bevel feem ntau raug tshuaj xyuas nrog lub ntsuas qhov profile ua ntej lub nkoj spool. Sab hauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab ntawm qhov vuam kawg yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov ntsuas thiab noo noo, vim tias qhov chaw vuam yuav tsis rov qab - npaj qhov kawg; lawv yuav haum raws nraim li lub khw xa khoom.
Ntawm flanged spools, lub flange - mus rau - yeeb nkab weld yog tag nrho - nkag taub qab vuam rau feem ntau cov chav kawm siab, ua nrog flange tacked thiab kuaj xyuas squareness ua ntej lub hauv paus hla. Lub fabricator lub fixture tuav lub flange tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tiag tiag thaum lub vuam yog tsim, thiab cov tiav lawm yog check dua tom qab txias. Qhov no yog cov kauj ruam uas qhov kam rau ua kab nyob rau hauv cov lus saum toj no tau raug yuam, thiab nws yog cov kauj ruam uas tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum nug txog thaum tsim nyog tus neeg tsim khoom tshiab.
Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv
Kev xa khoom xa tuaj yog nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tib yam li cov khoom siv hauv cov kav dej: cov ntawv pov thawj vuam thiab WPS / PQR cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zeb rau cov yeeb nkab, fittings, thiab flanges, daim ntawv soj ntsuam qhov ntev, daim ntawv pov thawj hydrostatic test, thiab cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv xws li RT zaj duab xis lossis cov ntawv ceeb toom digital qhov xav tau.
Rau kev txiav txim xa tawm, daim ntawv pov thawj raug muab rau EN 10204 3.1 lossis 3.2, thiab thib peb - kev tshuaj xyuas tog los ntawm SGS, BV, lossis TUV yog npaj rau kev thov. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm qhov ntev yog cov ntaub ntawv uas ua pov thawj tias cov spool yuav haum, thiab nws yuav tsum sau txhua qhov loj me ntawm daim duab nrog rau raws li - ntsuas tus nqi, tsis yog ib nqe lus hais tias tus spool yog "nyob rau hauv kam rau ua".
Kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom zoo (PMI) raug pom zoo rau ntawm daim ntawv txais nyiaj rau cov hlau nplaum, vim qhov sib txawv ntawm 316L thiab 316, lossis nruab nrab ntawm 2205 thiab 2507, tsis pom. Qhov twg cov spools yog tsim los ntawm dual- cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, cov ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum hais ob lub npe kom lub xaib QC tuaj yeem phim cov khoom siv rau daim duab.
Dab tsi los tso rau ntawm RFQ: kaum cov ntsiab lus uas tiv thaiv txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Ib tug ua tiav spool RFQ yog luv thiab ntom. Kaum cov khoom nram qab no, tau hais meej meej, tshem tawm yuav luag txhua qhov tsis meej pem uas ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv chaw thiab kev lag luam tsis sib haum xeeb:
- Spool isometrics lossis GA daim duab kos, nrog cov lej spool, qhov ntev, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kawg txhais
- Khoom specification ib kab: yeeb nkab txheem thiab qib (xws li ASTM A312 TP316L), haum tus qauv (B16.9), flange txuj (B16.5 chav kawm thiab tig ntsej muag)
- Tsim cov cai thiab cov kav dej hauv chav kawm (xws li ASME B31.3, chav kawm 150# RF)
- Dimensional tolerances: xeev ± 3 hli linear, ntsia liaj qhov rooj - qhov kev sib hloov, thiab flange squareness, los yog lub npe PFI ES-3
- Welding yuav tsum tau: WPS / PQR, welder tsim nyog, thiab RT feem pua
- Cov kev cai xeem: hydrostatic test siab thiab tuav lub sij hawm, los yog pneumatic
- Qhov kawg tiav: bevel hom, flange tig, xov tiv thaiv
- Kos npe thiab txheeb xyuas: spool tooj stenciling, xim xim ib kab, cov khoom stamp
- Cov ntaub ntawv: EN 10204 3.1 daim ntawv pov thawj, daim ntawv qhia qhov ntev, daim ntawv pov thawj xeem
- Packing thiab shipping: crating, kawg caps, flange npog, thiab lub sij hawm xa khoom khi rau qhov project ua ntu zus
Feem ntau spool kev tsis sib haum xeeb rov qab mus rau ib qho ntawm kaum cov khoom no raug tso tawm ntawm RFQ thiab sau los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Tus neeg yuav khoom uas sau cov kab siab ntev kom meej meej, thiab tus neeg tsim khoom uas xa rov qab daim ntawv qhia qhov ntev tiv thaiv daim duab, twb tau tshem tawm ob qho laj thawj feem ntau ntawm kev rov ua haujlwm.
FAQ
Q: Dab tsi yog tus qauv ntev ntev rau kev tsim cov yeeb nkab spool?
A: Tus qauv kev lag luam yog ± 3 hli (± 1/8 nyob rau hauv) ntawm lub ntsej muag-rau- ntsej muag thiab nruab nrab- rau - lub ntsej muag qhov ntev rau spools txog li roughly NPS 10, nrog qee qhov tshwj xeeb tso cai ± 5 hli ntawm qhov loj - tho spools saum NPS 10. Qhia tus nqi ntawm tus nqi ntawm RFQ.
Q: Vim li cas flange ntsia liaj qhov rooj - qhov kev sib hloov kam rau siab?
A: Lub flange welded tawm ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm moos yuav tsis txais cov studs ntawm mating flange, thiab kev kho ntawm qhov chaw raug nqi ntau tshaj li qhov rework hauv khw. Tus qauv kam rau ua yog ± 1.5 hli ntawm lub voj voog bolt, thiab nws yuav tsum tau sau rau ntawm daim duab.
Q: Puas yog vuam hloov qhov ntev ntawm lub spool?
A: Yog. Txhua qhov weld shrinks qhov sib koom ua ke los ntawm kwv yees li 1-4 mm nyob ntawm phab ntsa thickness thiab hla dhau. Cov kws paub txog kev tsim khoom ntxiv cov nyiaj shrinkage rau qhov txiav ntev thiab tswj qhov haum-up qhov ntev kom cov spool tiav raws li qhov kos duab.
Q: Cov kev ntsuam xyuas dab tsi ua rau ntawm cov khoom siv ua ntej xa khoom?
A: Kev soj ntsuam pom ntawm tag nrho cov welds, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ntev tiv thaiv kev kos duab, kuaj hydrostatic ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas, thiab qhov project feem pua ntawm cov duab hluav taws xob lossis lwm yam NDT. Daim ntawv pov thawj kev xeem thiab daim ntawv qhia qhov ntev nkoj nrog cov spools.
Q: Cov spool puas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm duplex thiab npib tsib xee alloys?
A: Yog. Spools yog fabricated nyob rau hauv stainless, duplex, thiab npib tsib xee alloys xws li 2205, 2507, Inconel, Monel, thiab Hastelloy qib. Lub WPS, muab tub lim hlau, thiab kev tswj kev sib tshuam yuav tsum sib phim cov khoom, thiab lub khw yuav tsum tsim nyog rau tsev neeg hlau.
Q: Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi yuav tsum tuaj txog nrog kev xa khoom xa tuaj?
A: Daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev soj ntsuam, daim ntawv pov thawj hydrostatic test, cov ntaub ntawv vuam thiab WPS / PQR cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau cov yeeb nkab, fittings thiab flanges, thiab NDT cov ntaub ntawv. Rau kev xa tawm cov ntawv pov thawj yog muab rau EN 10204 3.1 lossis 3.2.
